Invasive species affect many National
Wildlife Refuges across the nation, including some in Alaska. The Service
uses an integrated pest management (IPM) approach 
when controlling invasive species, employing a combination of techniques
such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural
practices, and other control measures. Pesticides are used only when
other control mechanisms are inadequate to achieve sufficient control
of the pest species. Control measures are selected and implemented in
a manner that minimizes risks to human health, beneficial and nontarget
organisms, and the environment.
Contaminant specialists are responsible for approving the use of pesticides
to control invasive species on refuges. This process involves detailed
analyses of alternative management strategies, short- and long-term
effects on water quality and wildlife, and an evaluation of resource
benefits relative to potential environmental risks.
